Damian Sendler Worldwide vaccination is considered the most effective way to stop the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to be effective, but there are still questions about their safety. This paper describes two cases of VADA ruptures following mRNA anti-COVID-19 vaccination. Three weeks before receiving her first dose of Moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine, a 60-year-old woman developed a sudden headache. The right vertebral artery (VA) was found to be dilated, but there was no evidence of intracranial hemorrhage. The next day, she suffered a ruptured right VADA and underwent a subarachnoid hemorrhage and pulmonary effusion as a result. Under general anesthesia, she underwent endovascular internal trapping and occlusion of her parent arteries. The 72-year-old woman in Case 2 underwent general anesthesia for stent-assisted coil embolization after suffering a ruptured right VADA and a subarachnoid hemorrhage 7 days after receiving the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. She had previously experienced occlusion of the left VA as a result of arterial dissection. Both of these patients’ postoperative experiences were uneventful. Further research is needed to determine the link between COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and ruptured intracranial dissecting aneurysms in the presence of more cases.
The time for memory linking is now closed due to the presence of CCR5.
Damian Jacob Sendler A person’s real-world memories are formed in a specific setting, and they are rarely stored or recalled in a vacuum1. To organize memories, events that are close in time are more likely to be meaningfully linked, whereas events that occur over a longer period of time are less likely to do so.1-4 It’s not clear how the brain separates temporally distinct events. An increase in the expression of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), a well-known co-receptor for HIV infection, was observed in this study. A contextual memory’s duration in the temporal window for associating or linking it to subsequent memories is determined by the time since the formation of that memory. Due to a decrease in neuronal excitability caused by this delayed expression of CCR5, the overlap between dorsal CA1 memory ensembles is reduced, resulting in an overall decrease in neuronal excitability. When the overlap between memories is reduced, the ability of one memory to elicit a recall of another is impaired. CCR5 and CCL5, which are expressed more abundantly in neurons as people age, cause memory deficits in older mice, but these deficits can be reversed with a CCR5 knockout and an FDA-approved drug that inhibits the receptor. This finding could have important implications for human health. The research presented here sheds light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that determine the length of the memory linkage window in humans.
Hemorrhage control resuscitation has improved over time.
Dr. Sendler Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma, despite significant advances in trauma management over the last two decades. Hemorrhage control resuscitation has undergone some recent changes, which we examine.
Damian Jacob Sendler
Recent findings: The use of blood products early in trauma hemorrhage control has become well-established as a standard of care. Low titer group A liquid plasma and group O whole blood are increasingly being used in order to achieve this goal. Since single donor apheresis platelets are less prone to pathogen contamination, they have taken the place of previously used pooled donor platelets in trauma resuscitation in the United States. Tranexamic acid dosing and timing are being studied further, and the debate over factor concentrate use in trauma-induced coagulopathy is still a hot topic of discussion. Endovascular aortic occlusion and hemostatic dressings have been highlighted by the ‘Stop the bleed’ campaign, as has the expanded use of hemostatic dressings. Desmopressin use is still being studied, and the significance of ionized calcium levels in trauma is still being debated. Our own hospital experience with coagulation testing and the lack of evidence for improved outcomes with viscoelastic testing are also discussed.
After the breakthrough, a long COVID Infection with SARS-CoV-2
Damian Jacob Markiewicz Sendler SARS-CoV-2 infection—also known as Long COVID—has post-acute sequelae, but whether breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection (BTI) in vaccinated people results in post-acute sequelae has not been described post-acutely. A total of 33,940 people with BTI and a total of 4,983,491 people with no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in this study, as well as a total of 2,566,369 people who had been vaccinated against the virus. We found that, six months after infection, people with BTI had a higher risk of death (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59, 1.93) and incident post-acute sequelae (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.46, 1.54), including cardiovascular, coagulation and hematologic, gastroenterological, kidney, mental health, metabolic, musculoskeletal and neurologic problems. The comparisons with historical and vaccinated controls yielded the same results. People with BTI had a lower risk of death (HR = 0.66, 95 percent CI: 0.58, 0.74) and post-acute sequelae (HR = 0.85, 95 percent CI: 0.82, 0.89) compared to people with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were not previously vaccinated (n = 113,474). SARS-CoV-2 infection’s long-term health effects may be worsened if people rely solely on vaccination as a mitigation strategy, according to the research, which suggests that vaccination before infection offers only partial protection in the post-acute phase of the disease In light of these findings, primary prevention strategies for BTI need to be further improved, and post-acute care pathways for people with BTI need to be developed.
Parabiosis induced by heterochronic parabiosis rejuvenates stem cells and the entire body’s aging tissues.
Cellular and systemic rejuvenation strategies based on the young circulatory milieu are of interest, but how it achieves these effects has been a mystery. Using the heterochronic parabiosis (HP) model, we created a single-cell transcriptomic atlas across aging tissues/organs and their rejuvenation. In general, HP rejuvenated adult stem cells and the niches in which they resided in tissues of all kinds. HSPCs, in particular, were found to be the most responsive cell type to young blood exposure, resulting in a continuum of cell state changes across the hematopoietic and immune systems. This stemmed from the restoration of a youthful transcriptional regulatory program and cytokine-mediated cell-cell communication in HSPCs. To further alleviate the decline in lymphocyte production associated with aging, the identified rejuvenating factors were reinserted. A comprehensive framework for studying aging and rejuvenation at single-cell resolution has been developed, and we have discovered cellular and molecular programs that instruct systemic rejuvenation through blood-borne factors.
